Tips for prevention of breeding of Aedes mosquito in your urban neighbourhood

Dengue fever is an acute febrile illness which can be life threatening.The WHO says some 2.5 billion people, two fifths of the world's population, are now at risk from dengue and estimates that there may be 50 million cases of dengue infection worldwide every year.
Dengue is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, particularly A. aegypti and A. albopictus.So it is very important for us to know about these mosquitos and to learn how to prevent its breeding in our neighbourhood.

Dengue Virus Transmission


Dengue viruses are transmitted to humans through the bites of infective female Aedes mosquitoes. The mosquitoes generally acquire the virus while feeding on the blood of an infected person. After virus incubation for eight to ten days, an infected mosquito is capable, during probing and blood feeding, of transmitting the virus for the rest of its life. There is no way to tell if a mosquito is carrying the dengue virus. Infected female mosquitoes may also transmit the virus to their offspring by transovarial (via the eggs) transmission, but the role of this in sustaining transmission of the virus to humans has not yet been defined.

Aedes aegypti goes through a complete metamorphosis with an egg, larvae, pupae, and adult stage. The adult life span can range from two weeks to a month depending on environmental conditions. The life cycle of Aedes aegypti can be completed within one-and-a-half to three weeks
 


After taking a blood meal, female Aedes aegypti mosquitos produce on average 100 to 200 eggs per batch. The females can produce up to five batches of eggs during a lifetime. The number of eggs is dependent on the size of the bloodmeal. Eggs are laid on damp surfaces in areas likely to temporarily flood, such as tree holes and man-made containers like barrels, drums, jars, pots, buckets, flower vases, plant saucers, tanks, discarded bottles, tins, tyres, water cooler, etc. and a lot more places where rain-water collects or is stored. The female Aedes aegypti lays her eggs separately unlike most species. Not all eggs are laid at once, but they can be spread out over hours or days, depending on the availability of suitable substrates. Eggs will most often be placed at varying distances above the water line. The female mosquito will not lay the entire clutch at a single site, but rather spread out the eggs over several sites.


The eggs of Aedes aegypti are smooth, long, ovoid shaped, and roughly one millimeter long. When first laid, eggs appear white but within minutes turn a shiny black. In warm climates eggs may develop in as little as two days, whereas in cooler temperate climates, development can take up to a week. Laid eggs can survive for very long periods in a dry state, often for more than a year. However, they hatch immediately once submerged in water. This makes the control of the mosquito very difficult.

Prevention of breeding of Aedes mosquito

Aedes mosquito lay their eggs in clear,clean water and not in contaminated water.As they fly only a few metres their breeding place is usually in our house itself.

Most common breediing places and tips to prevent breeding

Water storage tank/cistern ---should have mosquito proof lids
water coolers/collection pans in Fridge/ACs ------ water should be drained out periodically 

Drum   ------tight lids
Flower vase with water  [least in brass vase]----------change water frequently,use sand
Potted plants with saucers ------- change water frequently
Ornamental pool/fountain ---------water changed once a week
Roof gutter/sun shades------------check frequently for drain block
Animal water container----------- empty and clean periodically
Ant trap--------------------------use oil/salt
Used tyres-----------------------keep it under roof
Discarded large appliances-------bury or keep it under roof 
Discarded buckets,plastic cups,tin cans etc-----bury


Whenever piped water supply is inadequate and available only at restricted hours or at low pressure, the storage of water in varied types of containers is encouraged, thus leading to increased Aedes breeding.It is essential that potable water supplies be delivered in sufficient quantity, quality and consistency to reduce the necessity and use of water storage containers that serve as the most productive larval habitats.

Chemical and biological agents can also be used for prevention of breeding of Aedes mosquito.

from
Denguevirusnet
WHO

How to Prevent Amputation for Diabetes Patients

ON diabetics, trifecta problems resulting in amputation, ie, numbness in the feet. Consequently, this nerve damage makes it less aware of injuries and leg ulcers. Ulcers that fail to treat, in turn, lead to serious infections.


"Usually, people with injuries at the bottom of their feet, like a blister, will change the way over. Style run will be changed to protect the blister place until cured," says Joseph LeMaster, MD, assistant professor at the University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine , as quoted Health.

However, he asserted, people lose sensation, can not do it. They'll just walk right on top of the foot blister, as if this problem does not exist. The longer the rupture, become infected, and transformed into what we call a foot ulcer.

"Ulcers can penetrate to the bone and into the street for the infection to the entire foot. This is what leads to amputation," he said.

Leg injuries, the most common cause of hospitalization

Approximately 15 percent of all diabetics will develop foot ulcers at some point, even 24 percent of them needed amputation.

"The most common reason a person is hospitalized due to diabetes, not by high blood sugar or heart attack or stroke, but for a hole in the foot, a wound," said David G Armstrong DPM, Diabetic Foot Disease Specialist Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science in North Chicago.
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Coconut milk food, can trigger Gall Stones

IN general, food that was served on the day of Idul Fitri is a special food. Opor Call it chicken, goat curry, rendang, pastries and wet, and others. But generally the foods that contain lots of fat.

What happened on the day of Idul Fitri is a lot of people eat foods that contain fat. As there is a tendency "revenge" for not being able to enjoy such foods during Ramadan. "And the food (fat) is usually mostly made from coconut milk," said dr Prasna Pramita SpPD.

It is not wrong you eat fatty foods. Why? Because the body needs fat. "Functions for giving coating on human bone-shaped so that," continued Dr. Prasna. New will be a problem if the excessive fat consumed. If you have excessive fat deposition could occur in the body. And this makes the liver cells work harder to produce bile.

Just to note, in bile-green-brown. Bile plays a role in the process of absorption of fat and some vitamins such as A, D, E and K. "Because the fat is usually a lot. Importance of bile in digestion especially the absorption of fat, "said dr Prasna. The liquid stored in the gallbladder bile is stored in the gallbladder which lies below the liver. Shaped like a pear. Gallbladder accommodate as many as 50 ml of bile. Length is about 70-10 cm. These organs are connected with the liver and duodenum through the bile ducts.

Well, what happens when we consume food containing fat was excessive? Will occur or the birth of many diseases. One of them is gallstones.

"Well, if people have already had the talent, already have cholesterol, there will be more piles of cholesterol. And so could spark gallstones. Tendensinya could have up to 30 percent, "said Dr. Prasna. Gallstones can form due to increased cholesterol levels in the body and the heart can no longer issue them.

Gallstones are formed gradually. First, the excreted cholesterol that can not be settled. "As is usually the gall wall thickening also occur. And that if in-ultrasound visible thickening occurs, "continued Dr. Prasna. It triggers chemical changes in the bile. This change is called gallstones.
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Prevent Stroke with Know the risk factors

Stroke is a health problem in Indonesian. In the estimate 2-3 million people in this country have suffered a stroke. Although a stroke is often associated with old age, in fact, more and more initial 30 year-old man who suffered a stroke. In addition to causing disability, stroke can also cause death.

However, if you prepare yourself from now, you can memangksa most of your risk factors. "This disease can be prevented," according to dr.Sutarto Prodjo Disastro, Sp.S, head of public relations counseling and Stroke Foundation of Indonesia in the event that the Control Cholesterol Control diadakano Life Leh Pfizer in Jakarta, Thursday (19/8/10).

Stroke is a brain attack that may arise due to sudden interruption in blood flow due to blockage or rupture of blood vessels in the brain so that brain cells are deprived of blood, oxygen or food substances that resulted in cell death in a short time. "If the dead brain cells can not regenerate or grow back, so be careful with stroke," said Sutarto.

Men do have a greater risk of stroke, but in recent decades into the same chances in women. "Women tend to be more stressful to have two roles, namely, career women and housewives," said dr. Arieska Ann Soenarto, Sp.JP (K), from RS.Jantung Harapan Kita Jakarta.

To help reduce the risk of stroke, try checking the following:

- Check blood pressure
Many people who do not know they have hypertension, because these diseases have no symptoms from the outside. Your blood pressure checked by at least once a year for control of hypertension is the thing that is not negotiable in the prevention of stroke.

- Check cholesterol
There are many reasons why high cholesterol levels in the blood, including diet, obesity and smoking habits. Lowering cholesterol is important, regardless of your age and health condition. The recommended safe limit is less than 160 mg / dl. Choose the type of foods with low fat content.

Watch out, Santan Improve Cholesterol

Dishes during the month of fasting was impressed even more special than ordinary days. For most people, less if the breaking of the fast afdol unaccompanied bersantan compote and other foods. But be careful, consume too much food bersantan can cause bad cholesterol (LDL) increases.

"Coconut milk is dangerous to koresterol because it contains saturated fatty acids or unsaturated fat. In contrast to the unsaturated fat in avocados, that is unsaturated fatty acid which is not dangerous," said Ann Soenarta dr.Arieska, Sp.JP, consultant on the sidelines kardiologis Living Control Cholesterol Control event, held by Pfizer at Jakarta, Thursday (19/08/10)

According to doctors, Ann, is very important to maintain your diet when breaking fast. "80% intake of the food intake is to determine cholesterol levels. So what you eat can increase the risk of increasing cholesterol," the doctor said that the daily practice in RS.Jantung Harapan Kita Jakarta.

Coconut milk as fast food is okay, but the amount is limited. "If allowed to eat food iftar bersantan, but do not limit although the coconut milk over it tasty and can increase appetite," he said.

Added by him, cholesterol is a disease that can be present because of a long process. "If you eat (food coconut milk) every now and then it does not matter, does not directly increase cholesterol. Cholesterol is a progressive disease. But if the food during the 10 days it automatically cholesterol coconut milk continues to increase," he explained.

To maintain good health during the month of Ramadan, the doctor Ann suggested that we should eat a varied diet. "Balance in eating fruits and vegetables," he said. In addition to coconut milk, which also needs to be restricted is makananan intake of high sugar-containing and unsaturated fats, such as fried or fatty meat.

Beware of Chicken Meat Injections

Combined officers' Karanganyar District, Central Java, found the injection of chicken meat during a surprise inspection at Palur Market, Thursday (08/19/2010).

"Meat is injected has a high water content and consequently easy to rot so that harm consumers," said Chief District Office of Livestock and Fisheries Karanganyar Muhammad Hatta on the sidelines of a sudden inspection (Sudden Inspection method).

Merchants who sell the chicken meat for a while just be warned and guided so as not to repeat his actions again.

Officers consist of a combination of elements Disnakan and Police Civil Service Unit (Satpol PP) Karanganyar District also conducts examinations of other meat sales.

In this examination found a number of chicken meat, especially in the chest, allegedly riddled former injection. Compared to other chicken meat, meat color was too pale.

Normally, with the instruments, meat water content between 5.0 and 5.5 so that the meat was suspected as gelonggongan. Officers took samples of meat-beef was to be examined further in the laboratory.

"We still tolerate and now there is no sanction. Only guidance to the traders so as not to repeat again," said Hatta
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Sperm is clear like water, Why?

QUESTION: Sir, I have been married seven years and have not received any offspring. The first year after marriage, my wife is three months pregnant, but miscarried. After that, she was menstruating normally and had not experienced pregnancy until now.

In the past year, I noticed my sperm kok changed and looks watery, clear like water. My sperm is not like previous years where the sperm looked normal. My question is, whether my sperm was not normal anymore, so my wife can not get pregnant?

If so, is there any medicine that can cure or improve my sperm? Thank you, Doctor!

Robert Hukubun (42)[kompas.com]

ANSWER: You and your spouse are not considered infertile couples (infertile). This condition can be caused by interference on the part of your fertility or wife, or both parties. Sperm on the condition that you say that it has to be clear and watery look like water, I think is not necessarily true.

Must be confirmed through laboratory examination, is it true that your sperm has not been amended so that the wife is also pregnant? In addition to sperm examination, physical examination andrologik also needed to determine whether there is any disruption to your reproductive sexual organs.

Without examination, it is difficult to determine how and what is causing your fertility. The problem is, what reason is not pregnant. On the other hand, the wife also needs to be examined to determine the fertility.

With proper treatment, your fertility may be a better wife and a pregnancy to occur.